Plastic Machining Services

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a versatile thermoplastic known for its ease of machining, adaptability to additives, and use in various applications.

Machinability: ABS can be easily drilled, milled, turned, or worked with using standard machining techniques. It produces fine chips during machining and has good dimensional stability, allowing for precise and accurate operations.

Mechanical Properties:

• Tensile Strength: Approximately 5500 psi at 73°F.
• Flexural Strength: Around 9300 psi at 73°F.
• Elongation at Break: About 20% at 73°F.
• Notched Izod Impact: 7.0 ft-lb/in of notch at 73°F.
• Heat Deflection Temperature: 220°F at 264 psi.
• Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion: 5.2E-05 in/in/°F at 73°F.
• Dielectric Strength: 450 Volts/mil (short term).
• Water Absorption: 0.30% after 24 hours of immersion and 0.70% at saturation.

Other Characteristics:

• Impact Resistance: ABS exhibits good impact resistance.
• Chemical Resistance: It is resistant to certain chemicals.
• Electrical Insulation: ABS serves as an ideal electrical insulator, especially with added moisture resistance.
• Strength and Stiffness: It offers good strength and stiffness.

Aesthetic Qualities: ABS is colorable, with various gloss levels from matte to high gloss.

Acetal, also known as polyoxymethylene (POM), is an engineering thermoplastic with excellent machining properties.

1. High Strength and Stiffness:
   • Acetal exhibits high mechanical strength and rigidity. It maintains its integrity even at low temperatures (down to -40°C)
   • These properties make it suitable for precision parts that require durability and stability.
2. Low Friction:
   • Acetal has a self-lubricating surface, reducing friction and wear.
   • This property is advantageous for moving parts, gears, and bearings.
3. Chemical Resistance:
   • It is resistant to hydrocarbons, solvents, and neutral chemicals
   • Acetal performs well in both wet and dry environments.
4. Easy to Machine:
   Acetal is a highly machinable plastic. It can be:
   • Drilled
   • Milled
   • Turned
   • Polished
   • It allows for tight tolerances and good surface finish.
5. Dimensional Stability:
   • Acetal maintains its shape and size under varying conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.)
   • This stability ensures consistent performance in critical applications.
6. Applications:
   • Injection-molded POM (acetal) finds use in:
     • Gears
     • Eyeglass frames
     • Ball bearings
     • Fasteners
     • Automotive components
     • Consumer electronics

Acrylic, also known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), possesses several remarkable properties that make it a popular choice for various applications.

1. High Optical Clarity:
   • Acrylic is transparent and offers excellent optical clarity. It allows light to pass through without significant distortion, making it ideal for windows, displays, and lenses
2. Strength and Stiffness:
   • Despite its lightweight nature, acrylic exhibits outstanding strength and stiffness. It can withstand mechanical stress and impact
   • Acrylic sheet is often used as a shatter-resistant alternative to glass in applications where safety is crucial
3. Chemical Resistance:
   • Acrylic is resistant to many solvents and chemicals. It maintains its integrity even when exposed to various substances
4. Dimensional Stability:
   • It has good dimensional stability, meaning it retains its shape and size under different conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.)
5. Weatherability and UV Resistance:
   • Acrylic has superior weathering properties compared to many other transparent plastics. It can withstand outdoor exposure without significant degradation
   • Its UV resistance makes it suitable for outdoor signs, lighting fixtures, and architectural applications
6. Ease of Fabrication:
   • Acrylic is easy to fabricate. It can be cut, drilled, milled, and polished using standard tools and techniques
   • It bonds well with adhesives and solvents, allowing for versatile fabrication options.
7. Applications:
   • Acrylic is commonly used in indoor and outdoor signs, lighting fixtures, displays, aquariums, furniture, and medical devices.
   • It also finds applications in transportation, architecture, and consumer goods.

Celazole, also known as Polybenzimidazole (PBI), is a remarkable synthetic fiber with exceptional thermal and chemical stability.

Thermoplastic Nature: Celazole is a thermoplastic, meaning it melts when heated. This distinguishes it from thermosets, which remain “set” once formed.

Mechanical Properties: Highest Mechanical Properties: Celazole possesses the highest mechanical properties of any thermoplastic above 400°F (204°C).

Tensile Strength: It exhibits excellent tensile strength even after being submerged in hydraulic fluid at 200°F (93°C) for thirty days.

Compressive Strength: Celazole has the highest compressive strength among unfilled resins.

Wear and Frictional Properties: It offers excellent wear resistance and low friction.

Temperature Resistance: Celazole can withstand extreme temperatures:

• Continuous use operating temperature: 1,004°F (540°C).
• Glass transition temperature (Tg): 800°F (427°C).

Chemical and Plasma Resistance:

• Celazole excels in harsh environments, including those with:
  • Chemicals
  • Plasma
  • High temperatures

Applications:

1. Semiconductor parts made with Celazole can last twice as long as those made with polyimides.
2. Other applications include gas plasma equipment, aircraft engine components, and environments with harsh chemicals.
3. Whenever dielectric properties or high-strength situations arise, Celazole PBI is an ideal material.

Celcon®, also known as acetal copolymer (POM), possesses a linear structure with highly crystalline content, resulting in several advantageous machining properties:

Outstanding Wear and Slip Properties:

Celcon® exhibits excellent wear resistance, making it suitable for moving parts, gears, and bearings.

Its low coefficient of friction contributes to smooth sliding motion.

Long-Term Fatigue Resistance:

Celcon® maintains its mechanical integrity over extended periods, even under cyclic loading.

This property ensures durability and reliability in critical applications.

Toughness and Creep Resistance:

It combines toughness with creep resistance, allowing it to withstand sustained loads without deformation.

Creep resistance is crucial for parts subjected to continuous stress.

Excellent Resistance to Moisture, Solvents, and Alkalis:
Celcon® performs well in moist environments due to its low moisture absorption.

It remains dimensionally stable even when exposed to varying humidity levels.

Applications:

Celcon® is commonly used in automotive components, consumer goods, furniture, medical devices, and power tools.

Its versatility and high-performance thresholds make it a preferred choice for various industries.

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is a thermoplastic produced by chlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. It shares most features with PVC but has some key differences.

Flexibility and Temperature Resistance: 

CPVC is significantly more flexible than PVC.

It can withstand higher temperatures (up to 200°F or 93°C) without losing its structural integrity.

Mechanical Properties:

Young’s Modulus: Ranges from 2.9 to 3.4 GPa.

Tensile Strength: Typically between 50 and 80 MPa.

Elongation at Break: Approximately 20-40%.

Notch Test Impact Strength: Varies from 2 to 5 kJ/m²

Thermal Properties:

Melting Temperature ™: Around 150°C.

Glass Transition Temperature (Tg): Falls between 106°C and 115°C.

Vicat Softening Point (Vicat B): Also in the range of 106°C to 115°C.

Thermal Conductivity (k): Approximately 0.16 W/(m·K).

Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient (α): 8×10⁻⁵ K⁻¹.

Specific Heat Capacity ©: About 0.9 kJ/(kg·K).

Chemical Resistance:

CPVC is resistant to corrosive chemicals.

It remains stable even in moist environments due to low moisture absorption

Applications:

CPVC is commonly used for hot and cold water delivery pipes, industrial liquid handling, and more.Like PVC, it is safe for potable water transport

Delrin, also known as acetal (polyoxymethylene) homopolymer, is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic with impressive machining properties.

Machinability:

Delrin is an easy material to work with in terms of machining.

It offers excellent stability, allowing precise, tight tolerances to be achieved.

However, keep in mind that Delrin is sensitive to heat at or above 250°F (121°C) during machining.

Properties & Grades:

Stiffness and Flexural Modulus: Delrin provides great stiffness and flexural modulus.

Tensile Strength and Impact Strength: It exhibits high tensile and impact strength.

Friction Resistance: Delrin is known for its superior friction resistance.

Fatigue, Abrasion, Solvent, and Moisture Resistance: Delrin performs well in these areas.

Versatility: Delrin finds applications in medical, aerospace, and energy sectors.

Specific Grades:

PTFE-Filled Acetals: Ideal for impact strength and wear capability.

Glass-Reinforced Acetals: Higher strength and greater heat resistance.

FDA-Compliant Acetals: Suitable for medical and food-related applications.

Applications:

Delrin can be machined for:

Medical implants and instruments

Industrial bearings, rollers, gears, and scraper blades

It excels in wet environments without losing performance.

Duratron®, a high-performance engineering thermoplastic, offers exceptional machining properties.  

Duratron® T4301:

Low expansion rate.

Low coefficient of friction, minimizing stick-slip behavior.

Higher wear resistance compared to unfilled grades.

Excellent dimensional stability across a wide temperature range.

Flexural modulus of 1,000,000 psi.

Duratron® PBI (Polybenzimidazole):

Highest heat resistance and mechanical property retention over 205°C (400°F) among unfilled plastics.

Better wear resistance and load carrying capabilities at extreme temperatures.

Very “clean” in terms of ionic impurity and no outgassing (except water).

Ideal for vacuum chamber applications in semiconductor manufacturing.

Excellent ultrasonic transparency for probe tip lenses in ultrasonic measuring equipment.

Also serves as an excellent thermal insulator and is non-stick for contact seals and insulator bushings in plastic production and molding equipment.

Duratron® CU60 PBI:

Highest mechanical properties above 400°F (204°C).

Market’s best wear and load carrying performance at extreme temperatures.

High ionic purity, no outgassing except in water.

Lowest coefficient of thermal expansion and highest compressive strength among unfilled plastics.

ECTFE (Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene) is a high-performance polymer known for its chemical resistance and suitability in various industrial applications.

Chemical Resistance:

ECTFE exhibits excellent chemical resistance, making it suitable for harsh environments.

It resists acids at high concentrations and temperatures, caustic media, oxidizing agents, and many solvents, similar to PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).

Permeation Resistance:

ECTFE has low permeability to large molecules, which is generally slow and not significant in practical applications.

Small molecules may permeate through the polymer matrix, affecting lining or coating applications.

Mechanical Properties:

High Strength: ECTFE offers high tensile strength and impact resistance.

Young’s Modulus: Approximately 1700 MPa, allowing for self-standing items and pressure piping systems.

Impact Strength in Cryogenic Applications: ECTFE maintains high impact strength even at low temperatures.

Temperature Range:

ECTFE can be used between -76°C and +150°C (-105°F to +300°F).

It remains dimensionally stable across this temperature range.

Fire Resistance:

ECTFE has a limiting oxygen index of 52%, indicating good fire resistance.

Applications:

Widely used in anti-corrosion applications across various markets.

Used for coatings, wire and cable, and outdoor applications due to its UV resistance.

Transparent ECTFE films provide UV protection for underlying layers.

Ertalyte®, an unreinforced, semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyester based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET-P), boasts impressive machining properties.

Dimensional Stability and Wear Resistance:

Ertalyte® offers excellent dimensional stability coupled with outstanding wear resistance.

It maintains its shape and size even under varying conditions.

Coefficient of Friction and Strength:

With a low coefficient of friction, Ertalyte® minimizes slip-stick behavior.

It exhibits high strength and rigidity, making it suitable for demanding applications.

Chemical Resistance:

Ertalyte® resists moderately acidic solutions.

It performs well in wet and dry environments.

Temperature Tolerance:

Its continuous service temperature is 210°F (100°C).

The melting point of Ertalyte® is almost 150°F higher than acetals.

Applications:

Ertalyte® is ideal for precision mechanical parts that endure high loads and wear conditions:

Linear bearings

Wear and slide pads

Dynamic seals

Scraper blades

Thrust washers

Valve seals

Journal bearings

Rollers and wheels without bearings

Compliance:

Ertalyte® is FDA compliant in both natural and black colors.

It finds use in food processing equipment and related industries.

Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is a melt-processable, fluorine-based plastic designed to have high corrosion resistance and strength over a wide temperature range. Let’s explore its key properties:

Mechanical Strength:

ETFE offers superior mechanical strength compared to other fluoropolymers like PTFE and FEP.

It is less flexible than PTFE but compensates with excellent impact toughness.

Chemical Resistance:

ETFE exhibits excellent chemical resistance.

It can withstand corrosive environments and aggressive chemicals.

Temperature Range:

ETFE remains stable across a wide temperature range, from -185°C to +150°C (-300°F to +300°F).

Wear Resistance:

ETFE has outstanding wear resistance, making it suitable for moving parts and applications with abrasion.

Electrical Properties:

It offers excellent dielectric properties and is rated 94V-0 by UL for low smoke and flame characteristics.

Applications:

ETFE finds use in:

Chemical processing equipment

Electrical components

Architectural membranes

Automotive parts

UV-resistant films

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) is a versatile plastic material widely used in various industries due to its unique properties.

Flexibility and Toughness:

EVA exhibits exceptional flexibility and toughness.

These properties make it ideal for applications requiring durability and resilience.

Stress-Crack Resistance:

Due to its chemical structure, EVA shows high resistance to stress cracking.

This benefit is valuable for products exposed to mechanical stress.

UV Resistance:

Unlike many other polymers, EVA has high resistance to UV radiation.

It doesn’t degrade when exposed to sunlight.

Transparency:

EVA is highly transparent, making it suitable for applications like packaging and films.

Production:

EVA is produced through copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate monomers under heat and pressure.

The vinyl acetate content can vary (typically 5% to 40%), resulting in different EVA types.

Applications:

EVA finds use in various areas:.

Medical Devices: Biocompatible and flexible for drug delivery devices and surgical tools.

Photovoltaic Cells: Used as encapsulation material for solar cells.Automotive Parts: Chemical and stress-crack resistance for interior components.

Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) is a robust engineering fluoropolymer with excellent machining properties. 

Machinability:

FEP is melt-processable, unlike PTFE, allowing conventional injection molding and screw extrusion techniques.

It shares most of the physical, chemical, and electrical properties of PTFE but is more easily formable.

Thermal Resistance:

FEP has a melting point of 260°C (500°F), around 40°C lower than PFA and even lower than PTFE.

It remains stable at high temperatures and retains mechanical properties after service at 400°F (204°C).

Electrical Properties:

FEP offers excellent transmission of UV light.

Its dielectric strength is surpassed only by PFA.

However, its dissipation factor is higher, making it a more non-linear conductor of electrostatic fields.

Mechanical Properties:

FEP is slightly more flexible than PTFE.

It has a higher coefficient of dynamic friction, is softer, and has slightly lower tensile strength than PTFE and PFA.

Corrosion Resistance:

FEP is highly resistant to caustic agents, similar to PTFE.

It is a pure carbon-fluorine structure and fully fluorinated.

Fluorosint®, a family of high-performance plastics, offers exceptional machining properties. 

Fluorosint® 207:

Properties:

Dimensional Stability: Unmatched stability.

Creep Resistance: Excellent.

Color: Available in white and light gray.

FDA Compliance: Complies with FDA regulation 21 CFR 175.300.

Applications:

Ideal for FDA-regulated applications.

Non-permeable in steam.

Relative wear rate is 1/20 that of PTFE below 300°F (150°C).

Fluorosint® HPV:

Properties:

High PV and Low Wear Factor: Optimized for demanding bearing applications.

FDA Compliance: Suitable for food and pharmaceutical equipment.

Applications:

Ideal for applications where other PTFE formulations exhibit premature wear.

Offers excellent load-bearing and wear characteristics.

Fluorosint® MT-01:

Properties:

Extreme Service Grade: Developed for strength, stiffness, and stability.

Mechanical Performance at Elevated Temperature: Often specified in extreme conditions.

Color: Dark gray.

Applications:

Used in seat, seal, and wear applications under extreme conditions.

Chemical and Hydrolysis Resistance:

Fluorosint 500 exhibits outstanding chemical resistance and is highly resistant to hydrolysis.

It maintains its integrity even in harsh chemical environments.

Mechanical Properties:

Deformation Resistance: Fluorosint 500 has nine times greater resistance to deformation under load compared to unfilled PTFE.

Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion: It approaches the expansion rate of aluminum and is 1/4 that of virgin PTFE, often eliminating fit and clearance problems.

Hardness and Wear Characteristics: Fluorosint 500 is considerably harder than virgin PTFE and exhibits better wear characteristics.

Applications:

Fluorosint 500 enhanced PTFE is ideal for:

Sealing applications where tight dimensional control is required.

Wear-resistant components such as bearings, seals, and scraper blades.

Chemical processing equipment due to its chemical resistance.

Fluorosint® 500:

Properties:

Deformation Resistance: Nine times greater than unfilled PTFE.

Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion: Approaches aluminum’s expansion rate.

Hardness and Wear Characteristics: 1/3 harder than PTFE.

Low Friction: Maintains low frictional properties.

Applications:

Used for wear-resistant components, such as bearings, seals, and scraper blades.

Non-abrasive to most mating materials.

FR-4 (or FR4) is a NEMA grade designation for glass-reinforced epoxy laminate material. It is widely used due to its excellent mechanical and electrical properties. 

Composition and Structure:

Both G10 and FR4 are made of woven fiberglass cloth, impregnated with epoxy resin.

While G10 is renowned for its mechanical properties, FR4 has additional flame resistance due to specialized additives.

Mechanical Properties:

Strength: High tensile strength and rigidity make these materials suitable for demanding applications.

Thermal Stability: They exhibit excellent resistance to temperature variations, performing well in challenging environments.

Electrical Insulation: Their outstanding insulating properties make them a preferred choice in electrical applications.

Flame Resistance in FR4:

The added flame-retardant in FR4 provides an extra layer of safety, particularly in applications where fire risks must be minimized.

Machining Techniques for G10 and FR4:

Cutting and Drilling: The hardness and abrasiveness of G10 and FR4 require specialized cutting and drilling tools. Carbide or diamond-tipped tools are often preferred, along with specific coolant types to prevent overheating.

Milling and Grinding: Precision milling and grinding are essential for achieving desired dimensions and finishes. Experienced machinists must handle these materials, as they can be challenging to work with.

Applications:

Electrical Insulation: G10 and FR4 are standard in electrical insulation applications, including circuit boards, insulators, and switchgear.

Aerospace and Automotive Components: Their lightweight, strength, and thermal stability make them valuable in aerospace and automotive applications.Consumer Electronics: FR4 is often found in consumer electronics like smartphones and tablets, providing structural integrity and flame resistance.

G-10, a fiberglass epoxy laminate, is widely used for its excellent mechanical strength, stability, and electrical insulating properties.

Composition and Structure:

Both G10 and FR4 (a fire-retardant version of G10) consist of woven fiberglass cloth impregnated with epoxy resin.

While G10 emphasizes mechanical properties, FR4 adds flame resistance due to specialized additives.

Mechanical Strength:

G10 offers high tensile strength and rigidity, making it suitable for demanding applications.

It maintains stability across varying temperatures.

Machining Techniques:

Cutting and Drilling: Use specialized tools (carbide or diamond-tipped) with specific coolants to prevent overheating.

Milling and Grinding: Precision techniques are essential for achieving desired dimensions and finishes.

Applications:

Electrical Insulation: G10 and FR4 are standard for circuit boards, insulators, and switchgear.

Aerospace and Automotive Components: Their lightweight and thermal stability benefit critical parts.Consumer Electronics: FR4 provides structural integrity and flame resistance.

G-11 (FR5):

High Strength: G-11 offers extremely high strength and stiffness.

Dimensional Stability: It maintains stability across varying temperatures.

Electrical Properties: Excellent electrical insulation.

Low Moisture Absorption: Resists moisture.

Flame Retardant: Suitable for high-humidity environments.

Applications: Terminal boards, electric rotor insulation, electronic test equipment, and more.

G-3:

Heat Resistance: Can withstand temperatures over 350°F (175°C).

Mechanical Strength: Exhibits excellent flexural, compressive, and impact strengths.

Applications: Electrical insulation, washers, structural components, and more.

G-5:

Good Dimensional Stability

Caustic Resistant

High Arc Resistance

Machinability

Applications: Switchboard panels, arc barriers, specialty terminal blocks, and circuit breaker components.

G-7:

Silicone-Grade Laminate

Dielectric Loss Properties: Excellent in both humid and dry environments.

Heat Resistance: Withstands temperatures up to 425°F.

Applications: Electrical insulation, heating insulation, structural components, and more.

G-9:

Good Dimensional Stability

Caustic Resistant

High Arc Resistance

MachinabilityApplications: Switchboard panels, arc barriers, structural electrical parts, and more.

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a versatile thermoplastic known for its excellent machining properties.

Machinability:

HDPE is rigid and has a high tensile strength.

It can be machined at tight tolerances due to its dimensional stability.

HDPE responds well to CNC machining processes.

Coolants and Surface Finishes:

Coolants: Use non-aromatic, water-soluble coolants for ideal surface finishes and close tolerances.

HDPE provides fine surface finishes when machined properly.

Material Properties:

High Impact Strength: HDPE withstands impact and mechanical stress.

Low Moisture Absorption: Resists moisture.

Chemical and Corrosion Resistance: HDPE performs well in various environments.

Applications:

HDPE is commonly used for:

Pipes and Fittings: Water supply, drainage, and gas pipelines.

Containers: Bottles, tanks, and storage containers.

Cutting Boards: Food-safe surfaces.Wear Components: Bearings, gears, and conveyor parts.

HYDEX® 4101, a PBT polyester thermoplastic, offers excellent machining properties and is ideal for various applications.

Mechanical Properties:

Tensile Strength: 9,400 psi at 73°F.

Modulus of Elasticity (Tensile Test): 430,000 psi at 73°F.

Impact Strength (Izod): 0.7 ft-lbs/in.

Flexural Strength: 13,000 psi at 73°F.

Rockwell Hardness: 87 M Scale.

Compression Strength: 2,800 psi at 73°F (1% strain) and 11,500 psi at 73°F (10% strain).

Thermal Properties:

Deflection Temperature: 200°F at 264 psi.

Service Temperature: Up to 221°F (long term) and 310°F at 66 psi.

Thermal Expansion (CLTE): 6.1 x 10^-5 in/in/°F.

Other Properties:

Moisture Absorption: Only 0.02% at 24 hrs, 73°F.

Flammability (UL94): HB.

Applications:

Food Processing Equipment: Ideal for machined parts.

Chemical Resistance: Resists cleaning agents, chlorine, and caustic solutions.

Low Moisture Absorption: Up to 15 times less than nylon.

Hydex® 500:

Fractional Melt High Density: Offers excellent wear resistance.

Applications: Suitable for various applications where wear and impact resistance are critical.

Hydex® 1050:

High Molecular Weight: Provides enhanced mechanical properties.

Applications: Used in demanding applications requiring toughness and strength.

HYDLAR® Z, a Kevlar® fiber-reinforced Nylon 6/6, offers exceptional machining properties. 

Wear Resistance:

HYDLAR® Z is extremely wear-resistant.

It exhibits superior abrasion resistance, making it ideal for applications where wear and tear occur.

Dimensional Stability:

With the addition of Kevlar®, HYDLAR® Z achieves better dimensional stability.

It maintains its shape and size even under varying conditions.

Machinability:

HYDLAR® Z possesses outstanding machinability.

It responds well to CNC machining processes.

Applications:

Typical uses include:

Wear Strips

Bearings

Bushings

Rollers

Gears

KETRON®, a family of high-performance plastics, offers excellent machining properties. Let’s focus on KETRON® PEEK, one of the most popular grades:

Material Overview:

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK): The base resin for KETRON® PEEK.

Semi-Crystalline Advanced Engineering Material: Combines high mechanical properties, temperature resistance, and excellent chemical resistance.

Applications: Used across various industries, including aerospace, chemical processing, and medical devices.

Mechanical Properties:

Tensile Strength: High strength even at elevated temperatures.

Modulus of Elasticity: Stiffness comparable to metals.

Impact Strength: Resists impact and mechanical stress.

Wear & Friction Behavior: Excellent wear resistance.

Thermal Properties:

High Maximum Allowable Service Temperature: Up to 250°C continuously (short periods up to 310°C).

Chemical & Hydrolysis Resistance: Excellent chemical performance.

Wear Resistance: Suitable for demanding applications.

Machinability:

Good Machinability: Responds well to CNC machining processes.

Tooling: Use appropriate tooling for best results.

Applications:

Structural Components: Bearings, gears, and seals.

Medical Devices: Biocompatible and durable.Food Processing Equipment: Meets regulatory requirements.

Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is an economical option for various applications requiring low-temperature flexibility, toughness, and durability.

Machinability:

LDPE is easy to machine due to its flexibility and low hardness.

It responds well to CNC machining processes.

Temperature Resistance:

LDPE has the least heat resistance among polyethylene types.

Its maximum service temperature is 160°F to 180°F.

Chemical Resistance:

LDPE is susceptible to stress cracking, especially by detergents.

It can be attacked by strong oxidizing acids.

Applications:

LDPE is commonly used for:

Fabricated parts where corrosion and chemical resistance are required.

Food-safe applications (available in natural and black colors).

Film form for good clarity.

In summary, LDPE’s easy machinability makes it suitable for various fabricated parts, although it should be protected from strong oxidizing acids.

LEXAN®, a brand of polycarbonate (PC), offers excellent machining properties.

Material Overview:

Polycarbonate (PC): Transparent amorphous thermoplastic.

High Impact Strength: Resists impact and mechanical stress.

Heat Deflection Temperature: 290°F (145°C) at 264 psi.

Dielectric Strength: Good electrical insulation.

UV Resistance: Suitable for outdoor applications.

Machinability:

LEXAN® is easily machined using CNC processes.

Appropriate tooling ensures precise results.

Applications:

Car Lighting Systems: LEXAN® is commonly used in automotive lighting.

Aerospace: Replaces glass in military fighter jet canopies.

Electrical Components: Used for heat-loaded plastic parts, electric circuits, and more.

In summary, LEXAN® combines durability, stability, and clarity, making it a reliable choice for various applications!

NORYL®, also known as modified PPO (Polyphenylene Oxide), is an engineering thermoplastic with excellent machining properties. 

Dielectric Strength:

NORYL® modified PPO has high dielectric strength, making it suitable for electrical applications.

It provides reliable insulation properties.

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:

NORYL® has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, contributing to its dimensional stability.

It maintains its shape and size across varying temperatures.

Low Moisture Absorption:

NORYL® absorbs very little moisture, ensuring stability during machining and use.

Applications:

NORYL® is commonly used in:

Electrical components: Switch boxes, insulators, and more.

Structural parts: Where high heat resistance and dimensional stability are required.

In summary, NORYL® modified PPO combines electrical properties, low thermal expansion, and ease of machining.

Nylatron®, a family of nylon-based plastics, offers excellent machining properties. Let’s explore its key characteristics:

Material Overview:

Nylatron® is a trademark name for a group of wear-resistant and low-friction nylon polymers.

Most Nylatron® grades are filled with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) powder.

These materials are prized for their mechanical properties and impressive wear resistance.

Thermoplastic vs. Thermoset:

Nylatron® is a thermoplastic material.

Unlike thermosets, which remain “set” once formed, thermoplastics like Nylatron® melt when heated to their melt point.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for proper CNC machining.

Properties & Grades of Machined Nylatron®:

High Mechanical Strength: Nylatron® exhibits high strength, stiffness, hardness, and toughness.

Fatigue Resistance: It performs well under cyclic loading.

Wear Resistance: Excellent wear resistance and good electrical insulating properties.

Ease of Machinability: Nylatron® is easy to machine with high precision.

Chemical Resistance: Resistant to chemicals and hydrocarbons.

Abrasion Resistance: Low coefficient of friction and outstanding corrosion resistance.

Cost-Effective Replacement: Often used as a cost-effective replacement for metals and rubber.

Common Nylatron® Grades:

Nylatron® GSM (MoS2-Filled Type 6 Nylon): Improved strength, rigidity, and wear resistance.

Nylatron® LIG (Oil-Filled): Enhanced load-bearing performance and reduced friction.

Nylatron® LFG (FDA Compliant): Suitable for food contact applications.

Nylatron® NSM (Premium Grade): Outperforms other wear-grade materials.

Nylatron® WP: Ideal for wear pads, offering superior performance.

In summary, Nylatron® combines toughness, wear resistance, and ease of machining.

Nylon, also known as polyamide (PA), is a high-performance thermoplastic with several desirable properties for machining. Let’s delve into its characteristics:

Strength and Toughness: Nylon exhibits high strength, making it suitable for various applications. It maintains its mechanical properties even at elevated temperatures.

Chemical Resistance: Nylon is resistant to pH changes due to varying thermal conditions. This property is advantageous in industries where parts come into contact with gases, oil, or detergents.

Dimensional Stability: Nylon’s inherent stability ensures tight tolerances during machining.

Ease of Machining: Machining nylon is similar to machining metals. Imagine you’re machining brass. However, unlike metal, nylon (like all thermoplastics) can deform if held too tightly, as it yields easily.

Semi-Crystalline Structure: Nylon is a semi-crystalline, high-purity engineering thermoplastic. Its highly ordered molecular structure contributes to its strength and rigidity. Crystalline structures tend to be opaque since they reflect light.

Applications: Nylon finds use in various components, including gears, industrial bearings, nozzles, sheaves, and wear pads. It often replaces metal due to its lightweight nature (weighing only 1/7th as much as bronze)

Nylon’s excellent properties make it a versatile choice for engineering applications.

Polyamide-imide (PAI), branded as Torlon®, is a remarkable high-performance thermoplastic with exceptional properties for machining. Let’s explore its key characteristics:

1. Outstanding Tribological and Wear Performance: PAI exhibits excellent wear resistance, making it suitable for demanding applications where parts experience friction and mechanical loading.
   
2. Strength and Stiffness at Elevated Temperatures: PAI maintains its mechanical properties even at high temperatures, with a continuous use temperature range of up to 275°C (527°F)
   
3. High Tensile Strength and Compression Strength: PAI parts exhibit robust tensile and compression strength, ensuring reliable performance under load.
   
4. Exceptional Heat Deflection Temperature: PAI can withstand elevated temperatures without significant deformation or loss of strength.
   
5. Low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE): PAI is dimensionally stable due to its extremely low CTE. This property makes it an excellent choice for applications requiring tight tolerances.
   
6. Superb Thermal Stability: PAI retains its properties even in harsh thermal environments.
   
7. Good Machinability: PAI is designed for machining, and its mechanical rigidity, combined with low thermal expansion, contributes to dimensionally stable finished components.
   
8. Strong Chemical Resistance: PAI resists chemical attack, making it suitable for various industrial settings.
   

In summary, PAI plastic offers an excellent balance of mechanical, electrical, chemical, thermal, and tribological properties.

Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), a semi-crystalline engineering thermoplastic, boasts several advantageous properties for machining. 

Physical Properties:

Dimensional Stability: PBT exhibits excellent dimensional stability and low moisture absorption. This property is particularly beneficial in automotive underhood applications.

Durability Under Thermal Stress: PBT withstands harsh chemical environments and thermal stress.

Mechanical Strength: It delivers high tensile strength, toughness, and stiffness. Additionally, it shows good practical impact resistance.

Creep Resistance: PBT maintains its shape even under steady and elevated temperatures.

Thermal Properties:

High Heat-Deflection Temperature: PBT can withstand both short-term thermal excursions and long-term heat exposure.

High-Temperature Index Rating: Components made from PBT remain stable at elevated temperatures.

Electrical Properties:

Electrical Resistance: PBT protects electrical and electronic components against discharge.

Dielectric Strength: It guards against leakage and breakdown in power circuitry.

Low Dielectric Loss: Minimizes energy absorption in high-frequency electronic applications.

Chemical Resistance:

PBT demonstrates robust chemical resistance to a wide range of chemicals.

In summary, PBT is a strong, stiff engineering plastic with excellent machining characteristics.

Polycarbonate (PC), also known by the brand name Makrolon, is a transparent amorphous thermoplastic with excellent machining properties. 

High Impact Strength: PC exhibits very high impact strength, making it durable and resistant to damage.

High Modulus of Elasticity: PC maintains its shape under load and provides stability during machining.

Low Moisture Absorption: PC absorbs minimal moisture, ensuring dimensional stability.

Acid Resistance: It resists acidic solutions, enhancing its durability.

Heat Deflection Temperature: At 264 psi, PC has a heat deflection temperature of 290°F (145°C)

Dielectric Strength: PC offers good dielectric strength, making it suitable for electrical applications.

UV Resistance: It withstands exposure to ultraviolet light.

Easy Machinability: PC is easily machined, molded, and thermoformed.

Aerospace components, laboratory lenses, PC’s clarity, impact resistance, and ease of machining make it a versatile choice.

Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), commonly referred to as Kel-F® or Neoflon®, is a fluoropolymer material with outstanding strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability.

High Compressive Strength: PCTFE offers high compressive strength, making it suitable for load-bearing applications.

Low Deformation: It maintains its shape even under pressure, ensuring dimensional stability during machining.

Low Gas Permeability: PCTFE exhibits very low gas permeation, which is advantageous in applications where gas leakage must be minimized.

Extremely Low Moisture Absorption: PCTFE absorbs minimal moisture, contributing to its dimensional stability.

Nonflammable: PCTFE is nonflammable, making it safe for various environments.

Chemical Resistance: It is resistant to most corrosive chemicals, enhancing its durability.

Cold Flow Characteristic: PCTFE has a much lower cold flow characteristic than other fluoropolymers, maintaining its shape over time.

Temperature Range: PCTFE remains stable in a wide temperature range from -400°F (-230°C) to 393°F (201°C).

Applications of PCTFE include:

• Cryogenic and Chemical Processing Components
• Seals and Gaskets
• Aerospace Valve Seats, Pump Parts, Impellers, Diaphragms, and Plugs
• Laboratory Instruments
• Nuclear Service/High Radiation Exposure
• Liquid Oxygen and Liquid Nitrogen Valve Linings

Here are some typical material properties for PCTFE (Kel-F®):

• Tensile Strength: 4,860 – 5,710 psi
• Flexural Modulus of Elasticity: 200,000 – 243,000 psi
• Heat Deflection Temperature (66 psi / 264 psi): 259°F / –

Water Absorption (Immersion 24 hours): 0%

Polyethylene (PE) is a versatile thermoplastic with several variations, including High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).

High Impact Strength: HDPE is a high-impact, high-density crystalline thermoplastic. It offers excellent impact resistance, making it durable and resistant to damage.

Tensile Strength: HDPE has greater tensile strength compared to its sister polymer, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). LDPE is commonly found in plastic wrap or grocery bags, while HDPE is better suited for construction components like drain pipes.

Chemical and Corrosion Resistance: HDPE exhibits good chemical and corrosion resistance. It withstands exposure to various substances.

Low Moisture Absorption: HDPE has a low moisture absorption rate, ensuring dimensional stability during machining.

Melt Temperature: HDPE’s melt temperature is approximately 266°F (130°C).

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a remarkable high-performance thermoplastic with excellent machining properties. Let’s explore its key characteristics:

Mechanical Strength and Dimensional Stability:

PEEK retains its mechanical properties even at high temperatures.

Its Young’s modulus is 3.6 GPa, and tensile strength ranges from 90 to 100 MPa.

Thermal Properties:

Glass Transition Temperature (Tg): Around 143°C (289°F).

Melting Temperature ™: Approximately 343°C (662°F).

Some grades can operate at temperatures up to 250°C (482°F).

Chemical Resistance:

PEEK is highly resistant to thermal degradation, organic solvents, and aqueous environments.

It resists attack by halogens, strong acids, and certain halogenated compounds.

Biocompatibility:

Some PEEK grades are suitable for medical implants and custom devices.

Applications:

Bearings, piston parts, pumps, and compressor plate valves.

High-performance liquid chromatography columns.

Electrical cable insulation.

Aerospace, automotive, and chemical industries.

Ultra-high vacuum applications.

In summary, PEEK machines more like a metal than a polymer, making it an optimal choice for precision machining.

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), also known as PETE, is a versatile thermoplastic polymer with several desirable properties for machining. 

1. High Strength and Stiffness: PET exhibits good mechanical strength and stiffness, making it suitable for various applications.
   
2. Dimensional Stability: PET maintains its shape well during machining, ensuring tight tolerances.
   
3. Chemical Resistance: It resists impact, moisture, alcohols, and solvents. However, it is not highly resistant to alkalis.
   
4. Electrical Properties: PET offers excellent electrical insulation properties, even at high temperatures and frequencies.
   
5. Temperature Range: PET can be used in a broad temperature range, from -60°C to 130°C.
   
6. Low Gas Permeability: PET has low gas permeability, particularly with carbon dioxide.
   
7. Transparency: PET is suitable for transparent applications, such as packaging materials and display items.
   
8. Recyclability: PET is one of the most recycled thermoplastics.
   

Applications of PET include:

Electrical Insulation: Due to its excellent electrical properties.

Automotive and Electronics: Molded parts for automotive and electronic components.

PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol) is a versatile thermoplastic with excellent machining properties. Let’s explore its key characteristics:

Thermoforming Characteristics:

PETG is outstanding for applications requiring deep draws, complex die cuts, and precise molded-in details without compromising structural integrity.

It can be vacuum-formed, pressure-formed, and heat-bent due to its low forming temperature.

PETG bonds easily using solvents or adhesives.

Fabrication and Machining:

PETG can be die-cut, drilled, routed, bent, and polished without chipping or burrs.

It finds use in the O&P market for fabricating face masks, burn management devices, and check sockets.

Material Properties:

Impact Resistance: PETG is less brittle than acrylic and serves as a lower-cost alternative to polycarbonate.

Chemical Resistance: It offers superior chemical resistance compared to many other transparent plastics.

Recycled PETG: Ultros™ Renu PETG sheet contains over 40% pre-consumer content and is ideal for merchandising and display.

FDA Compliant: PETG meets FDA requirements.

Typical Mechanical Properties (ASTM Test):

Tensile Strength: 7,700 psi

Flexural Modulus of Elasticity: 310,000 psi

Izod Impact (notched): 1.7 ft-lbs/in of notch

Heat Deflection Temperature (66psi / 264psi): 164°F / 157°F

Other Properties:Specific Gravity: 1.27

Perfluoroalkoxy alkanes (PFA), also known as PFA plastic, are fluoropolymers with properties similar to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Melt-Processible: Unlike PTFE, PFA can be melt-processed. This allows for easier fabrication and machining.

Improved Flow and Creep Resistance: PFA polymers have a smaller chain length and higher chain entanglement than other fluoropolymers. They also contain an oxygen atom at the branches. As a result, PFA materials are more translucent, have improved flow, and exhibit excellent creep resistance. Their thermal stability is close to or exceeds that of PTFE.

High Melt Strength: PFA offers high melt strength, making it stable at high processing temperatures.

Chemical Resistance: PFA has excellent chemical resistance and is suitable for aggressive environments.

Low Coefficient of Friction: PFA provides a smooth surface with a low friction coefficient, reducing wear, preventing sticking, and facilitating movement.

Phenolic plastics, also known as phenolic resins, are composites made by combining phenol, aldehyde, formaldehyde, and filler materials. These materials exhibit various machining properties, making them suitable for different applications.

Machining Dry: Phenolic plastics are typically machined dry, which means cutting compounds and lubricants are unnecessary. This simplifies the machining process.

Cooling by Air: When machining phenolic, cooling by air is preferable over using liquid coolants. Liquid coolants can be challenging to remove from finished parts.

Temperature Considerations: Machine operators should be cautious and keep the work temperature below 150°C (302°F). Temperatures above this threshold may distort the material.

Applications:

Phenolic plastics find use in insulative or non-metallic structural components, such as terminal boards.

They are suitable for high-speed or high-wear components, countertops, and other specialized applications.

NEMA Grade Laminate Materials:

Phenolic plastics come in various NEMA grades, each with specific properties:

X: Paper Phenolic Resin – Mechanical Grade

XX: Paper Phenolic – General Purpose Grade

FR-4 & FR-5: Fire Retardant – Glass Epoxy Resin – Mechanical Grade

G-10: Woven Glass – Epoxy Resin – Electrical Grade (non-brominated)

In summary, phenolic plastics offer a balance of mechanical strength, electrical insulation, and ease of machining. Their versatility makes them valuable in diverse industrial applications.

Polyketone polymers, also known as Poketone, are high-performance thermoplastic materials with unique properties.

Elongation at Break: Freshly injection-molded polyketone exhibits the highest elongation at break among semi-crystalline thermoplastics, exceeding 200%. This property ensures toughness and ductility in the material.

Low Moisture Absorption: Polyketone materials achieve high dimensional accuracy due to their low moisture absorption. This feature is essential for maintaining consistent mechanical properties during machining.

Mechanical Strength:

Tensile Yield Stress: Approximately 60 MPa.

Tensile and Flexural Modulus: Ranges from 1.5 to 1.7 GPa.

Polyketones retain stiffness effectively.

Chemical Resistance: Polyketones exhibit excellent chemical resistance against fuels, hydrogen, salts, and acid bases.

Wear Resistance: Polyketones have high wear resistance, making them suitable for applications where noise reduction is essential.

Resilience and Snapability: These materials offer superior resilience and snapability.

In summary, polyketones combine toughness, chemical resistance, and ease of machining, making them valuable for various industrial applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), commonly known as acrylic, is a performance polymer often used as a shatter-proof alternative to glass due to its excellent transparency, durability, and UV stability.

Chemical Resistance: PMMA exhibits good resistance to chemicals.

Durability: It is durable and can withstand mechanical stress.

Tensile Strength: PMMA has reasonable tensile strength.

Lightweight: Being lightweight, it’s suitable for various applications.

UV Stability: PMMA maintains its clarity and stability under UV exposure.

Transparency: PMMA is highly transparent, making it ideal for optical applications.

Colorable: It can be easily colored to suit specific design requirements.

Material Form: PMMA comes in clear, colorless pellets, granules, and sheets.

Strength: PMMA has higher molecular mass than molding grades, making it stronger.

Toughness: Rubber additives enhance PMMA’s toughness, as it can be brittle under heavy loads.Recyclability: PMMA is 100% recyclable.

Polyoxymethylene (POM), also known as acetal or Delrin, is a versatile engineering plastic with several desirable machining properties. 

Precise Machining: POM exhibits tight tolerances due to its high crystallinity and low water absorption (saturation at 0.8%).

Wear Resistance: It has excellent wear resistance and sliding properties.

Cost-Effective: POM serves as a cost-effective substitute for metals or other expensive plastics.

Creep Resistance: The material demonstrates good creep resistance.Dimensional Stability: POM maintains high dimensional stability even with small differences in wall thickness.

Polypropylene (PP), a versatile engineering plastic, possesses several desirable machining properties.

Chemical Resistance: PP exhibits excellent chemical resistance in corrosive environments and is resistant to cleaning agents and solvents.

Heat Deflection Temperature: PP has a high heat deflection temperature, making it suitable for applications where elevated temperatures are involved.

Dimensional Stability: PP maintains great dimensional stability, which is crucial for precision machining.

Ease of Machining: PP is fairly easy to machine due to its crystalline structure.Annealing: However, it has low annealing resistance, and care should be taken during annealing to prevent deformation.

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is an exceptional material for machining, offering several advantageous properties. Let’s explore these characteristics:

Chemical Resistance: PPS boasts the broadest resistance to chemicals among high-performance thermoplastics. It is commonly used in industrial applications such as wheel bushings, chemical pumps, and compound clamp rings for semiconductor wafers.

Material Properties:

Chemical Resistance: PPS exhibits exceptional resistance to acids, alkalis, ketones, and hydrocarbons, making it ideal for harsh chemical environments.

Inertness: PPS is inert to steam, strong bases, fuels, and acids.

Thermal Expansion: It has a low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Moisture Absorption: PPS has zero moisture absorption.

Temperature Stability: PPS remains stable even at temperatures below approximately 200°C, regardless of the solvent used.

Flammability: All grades of PPS share UL94 V-0 flammability ratings without requiring flame retardant additives, making it excellent for aircraft applications.Machining Precision: PPS’s low shrinkage and stable dimensional properties allow for machining to incredibly tight, precise tolerances.

Polyphenylsulphone (PPSU), also known as TECASON P, is an excellent material for CNC machining due to its remarkable properties.

Dimensional Stability: PPSU exhibits high dimensional stability, making it ideal for precision machining.

Mechanical Strength: It has very good mechanical properties, allowing for reliable performance.

Chemical Resistance: PPSU material is resistant to various chemicals, which is crucial for applications in medical technology.

Hydrolytic Stability: It offers exceptional resistance to hydrolysis, making it suitable for repetitive steam sterilization.

Toughness: PPSU has superior toughness compared to other high-temperature engineering resins.

High Operating Temperature: With an operating temperature of up to 180°C, PPSU can handle elevated temperatures.Resistance to Environmental Stress Cracking: PPSU maintains outstanding resistance to environmental stress cracking.

Polystyrene (PS), a widely used plastic, possesses several advantageous properties that make it suitable for machining.

Dimensional Stability: PS exhibits good dimensional stability, which is crucial for precision machining.

Electrical Properties: It has favorable electrical properties, making it useful in various applications.

Transparency: PS is transparent, allowing for optical clarity in certain components.

Lightweight: Being lightweight, it’s suitable for applications where weight matters.

Low Price: PS is cost-effective, making it an economical choice.Ease of Machining: PS has good machinability, allowing for efficient processing.

Polysulfone (PSU) is a high-performance thermoplastic made from UDEL Resin. It boasts several advantageous properties for machining:

Temperature Range: PSU retains its properties in temperatures ranging from -150°F (-100°C) to 300°F (150°C).

Radiation Stability: PSU exhibits excellent radiation stability.

Chemical Resistance: It is highly resistant to chemicals, making it suitable for challenging industrial settings.

Hydrolysis Resistance: PSU can be used continuously in hot water and steam environments.

Lightweight: PSU is seven times lighter than stainless steel, making it a preferred material over metals in various applications.

Applications: PSU finds uses in aerospace and defense, medical and life sciences, and specialized industrial applications.Its molecular structure is randomly formed, resulting in gradual softening with temperature increase. PSU is amber semi-transparent, offering better dimensional stability than semi-crystalline plastics. It provides superior impact strength and is ideal for structural applications.

Teflon, also known as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is a fluorocarbon-based polymer with remarkable machining properties.

Thermoplastic Nature: Teflon is a thermoplastic, meaning it melts when exposed to heat. This property allows for precision machining.

Chemical Resistance: PTFE is inherently resistant to solvents, acids, and bases. It finds applications in backup rings, coatings, distribution valves, and electrical insulation.

Electric Stability: Teflon maintains excellent electrical stability across various conditions and environments.

UV Resistance: It exhibits good UV resistance and remains stable even at higher temperatures.Modified Grades: There are various modified PTFE materials available, including glass-filled, nanotube, synthetic mica, and carbon-filled grades. These offer unique properties such as reduced deformation under load and lower friction coefficients.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), commonly known as vinyl, is a versatile thermoplastic material with several desirable properties for machining.

Good Insulation and Dielectric Strength:

PVC exhibits excellent dielectric strength, making it suitable for electrical insulation applications.

It resists weathering, chemical rotting, corrosion, shock, and abrasion, making it a preferred choice for long-life and outdoor products.

Chemical Resistance:

PVC is resistant to all inorganic chemicals.

It shows good resistance against diluted acids, diluted alkalis, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

However, it can be attacked by ketones, chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, some aromatic ethers, amines, and nitro-compounds.

Material Forms:

PVC is available in two primary forms: rigid and flexible.

Additives are often mixed with PVC to enhance specific properties and improve machinability.

Mechanical Properties (for PVC Gray Type 1):

Tensile Strength: 7,300 psi (ultimate yield)

Flexural Modulus of Elasticity: 455,000 psi at 73°F

Tensile Modulus of Elasticity: 392,000 psi at 73°F

Notched Izod Impact: 0.7 ft-lb/in of notch at 73°F

Heat Deflection Temperature at 264 psi: 169°F

Specific Gravity at 73°F: 1.43

Applications:

PVC finds use in various industries, including medical devices, construction, industrial components, and everyday household items.

In summary, PVC’s combination of insulation properties, chemical resistance, and ease of machining makes it a valuable material for diverse applications.

Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), commonly known as Kynar®, is a specialty fluoropolymer thermoplastic with remarkable properties.

Ease of Machining: PVDF offers ease of machining and tight tolerances due to its inherent strength, toughness, and dimensional stability. When machining PVDF, think of it as if you were machining brass.

Thermoplastic Nature: PVDF is a thermoplastic, meaning it melts when exposed to heat. This property allows for precision machining, similar to working with metals. However, remember that PVDF can deform if handled too aggressively.

Chemical Resistance: PVDF exhibits industrial-grade resistance to pH changes due to varying thermal conditions. It also has excellent solvent resistance. These properties make it suitable for applications in harsh environments where exposure to chemicals, gases, oil, or detergents occurs.

High Crystallinity: PVDF has a high degree of crystallinity, resulting in a stronger and strain-resistant component. It also naturally resists fungus, ozone, and weather, making it ideal for coatings and parts exposed to the elements.

UV Resistance: PVDF provides good resistance to UV light, which enhances its durability in outdoor applications.Machinability: PVDF has very good machinability, and there are few restrictions to consider when machining it.

Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile polymer with a wide range of applications, from liquid coatings to rigid insulation.

Structure and Production:

PU is synthesized by reacting diols (alcohols with two or more reactive hydroxyl groups) with diisocyanates (isocyanates with two or more reactive isocyanate groups). The resulting molecule is bonded by urethane (COONH) linkages.

The choice of alcohol and isocyanate molecules influences PU properties. Different combinations yield materials with varying strength, rigidity, flexibility, and toughness.

PU can be both thermoplastic (linear) and thermosetting (cross-linked) based on the alcohol used:

Thermoplastic PU: Linear, flexible, and melt-processable.

Thermosetting PU: Rigid, cross-linked, and formed from alcohols with more than two hydroxyl groups.

Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU):

TPU combines plastic and rubber properties.

Key features:

Durability

Flexibility

Excellent tensile strength

Suitable for demanding applications

Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU):

Density: 0.05 – 1.7 g/cm³

Elastic Modulus: 0.03 – 1.88 GPa

Flexural Modulus: 0.029 – 18 GPa

Elongation at Break: 2 – 950%

Hardness: 45-98 Shore A, 51-85 Shore D

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 100-200 x 10⁻⁶/°C

Thermal Conductivity: 0.14 – 0.5 W/m·K

Max. Service Temperature: 80 – 90°C (short-term up to 120-135°C)

Min. Service Temperature: ~ -60°C

Dielectric Strength: 17-25 kV/mm

RADEL, a high-performance thermoplastic, is widely considered to be the highest-performing of Solvay’s sulfone polymers.

Heat Deflection Temperature: RADEL PPSU boasts an impressive heat deflection temperature of 405°F (207°C), making it suitable for applications where elevated temperatures are encountered, such as aircraft interiors.

Flame Retardancy: RADEL is inherently flame retardant with low NBS smoke evolution.

Mechanical Properties: RADEL exhibits superior retention of mechanical properties compared to other amorphous transparent polymers. It has been tested for notched Izod impact resistance as high as 13 ft.-lbs/in. Even with repeated exposure to moisture and extreme temperatures, RADEL can endure over 100 joules of force without shattering.

Chemical Resistance: RADEL PPSU offers improved impact and chemical resistance over PSU (polysulfone) and PEI (polyetherimide). It withstands unlimited steam autoclaving and provides excellent resistance to EtO, gamma, plasma, and chemical sterilizations.

Thermal Stability: RADEL’s extreme thermal properties make it ideal for reusable medical instruments and other applications where sterilization is crucial.

Material Grades: Keep in mind that not all grades of RADEL PPSU share the exact properties. Choosing the grade that best meets your specific needs is essential.

RULON, a family of proprietary homogeneous materials primarily composed of PTFE-based resins, offers exceptional machining properties for various applications.

Self-Lubrication: RULON materials are inherently self-lubricating, reducing the need for additional lubricants during machining and operation.

Low Friction: RULON exhibits low friction, making it suitable for applications where smooth movement and reduced wear are essential.

Temperature Resistance: RULON plastics can withstand a broad operating temperature range, from -400°F to 500°F (-240°C to 260°C). This versatility allows them to perform well in extreme environments.

Chemical Resistance: RULON materials offer excellent chemical resistance, making them suitable for applications in aggressive chemical environments.

Dimensional Stability: RULON maintains stability in liquids, ensuring consistent performance even when exposed to varying conditions.Low Weight/High Strength Ratio: Despite their lightweight nature, RULON materials exhibit high strength, making them ideal for structural components.

No Slip-Stick Property: RULON prevents erratic motion in low-speed applications due to its unique slip-stick behavior.

SEMITRON plastics exhibit unique machining properties, making them valuable for various applications. Let’s explore these characteristics:

1. Self-Lubrication: SEMITRON materials are inherently self-lubricating, reducing the need for additional lubricants during machining and operation.
   
2. Static Dissipation: SEMITRON machined parts are prized for their ability to dissipate static electricity in high-heat applications.
   
3. Wear Resistance: SEMITRON resists wear, ensuring durability even in demanding environments.
   
4. Chemical Resistance: These materials offer excellent chemical resistance, making them suitable for applications in aggressive chemical environments.
   
5. Strong and Stiff Performance: SEMITRON machining provides strong and stiff performance, contributing to the reliability of components.
   
6. Dimensional Stability: SEMITRON maintains stability in liquids, ensuring consistent performance even when exposed to varying conditions.
   
7. Tight Tolerance Machining: SEMITRON is suitable for tight tolerance machining due to its low stress properties.

TECAFORM, a high-quality engineering thermoplastic polymer, offers excellent machining properties.

Strength and Stiffness: TECAFORM provides good strength and stiffness, making it suitable for various applications.

Ease of Machining: Both acetal homopolymer and acetal copolymer (TECAFORM) can be easily machined using conventional metalworking equipment. They can achieve very close tolerances during machining.

Sliding Characteristics: TECAFORM exhibits exceptional sliding characteristics and wear resistance. This makes it ideal for components that require smooth movement and low friction.

Low Moisture Absorption: At saturation, TECAFORM has a low moisture absorption rate of 0.8%. This property ensures dimensional stability even in varying environmental conditions.

Excellent Machinability: TECAFORM is known for its excellent machinability, allowing for precision manufacturing of complex components.

Dimensional Stability: The material maintains stability in liquids, contributing to consistent performance.

Hydrolysis Resistance: TECAFORM demonstrates good resistance to hydrolysis up to approximately 140°F (60°C).

In summary, TECAFORM (acetal) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic with high mechanical strength, rigidity, and wear resistance.

TECANAT, a polycarbonate (PC) plastic manufactured by Ensinger, offers excellent machining properties.

Good Machinability: TECANAT is easy to machine using conventional metalworking equipment.

Excellent Dimensional Stability: TECANAT maintains stability in varying environmental conditions, ensuring consistent performance.

Rigidity over a Wide Range of Temperatures: TECANAT exhibits good strength and stiffness, making it suitable for various applications.

Impact Resistance: TECANAT provides excellent impact resistance and ductility in practical use conditions.Low Creep: The material has low creep, which is essential for maintaining dimensional stability over time.

TECAPEEK, a unique semi-crystalline high-temperature engineering thermoplastic, offers exceptional properties for various critical applications.

Mechanical Properties:

Modulus of Elasticity (Tensile Test): Approximately 650,000 psi at 1% strain and 73°F.

Tensile Strength at Yield: Around 16,000 psi at 73°F.

Elongation at Yield: Approximately 4.9% at 73°F.

Elongation at Break: About 40% at 73°F.

Flexural Strength: Approximately 26,000 psi at 73°F.

Modulus of Elasticity (Flexural Test): Roughly 600,000 psi at 73°F.

Compression Strength: 17,500 psi at 73°F with a 10% strain.

Notched Impact Strength (Izod): Approximately 0.95 ft-lbs/in at 73°F.

Rockwell Hardness (M Scale): 99.

Coefficient of Friction: 0.18 at 68°F with a load of 155 lbs and a speed of 1200 in/min.

Thermal Properties:

Melting Temperature: 633°F.

Deflection Temperature @ 264 psi: 320°F.

Service Temperature (Long Term): Up to 480°F.

Thermal Expansion (CLTE): 2.6*10^-5 in/in/°F.

Thermal Conductivity: 1.7 BTU-in/hr-ft^2-°F.

Electrical Properties:

Specific Surface Resistivity: 1.0*10^16 Ω/square.

Volume Resistivity @ 73°F: 4.910^16 Ωcm.

Dielectric Strength: 190 V/mil.

Other Properties:

Moisture Absorption @ Saturation, 73°F: 0.5%.

Flammability (UL94): V-0 (self-extinguishing).

TECAPEEK’s exceptional profile enables its use in critical areas across various industries, including automotive, aerospace, electronics, and medical applications.

TECATRON, a high-performance thermoplastic, exhibits remarkable material properties suitable for various applications:

Mechanical Properties:

Modulus of Elasticity (Tensile Test): Approximately 650,000 psi at 1% strain and 73°F.

Tensile Strength at Yield: Around 16,000 psi at 73°F.

Elongation at Yield: Approximately 4.9% at 73°F.

Elongation at Break: About 40% at 73°F.

Flexural Strength: Approximately 26,000 psi at 73°F.

Modulus of Elasticity (Flexural Test): Roughly 600,000 psi at 73°F.

Compression Strength: 17,500 psi at 73°F with a 10% strain.

Notched Impact Strength (Izod): Approximately 0.95 ft-lbs/in at 73°F.

Rockwell Hardness (M Scale): 99.

Coefficient of Friction: 0.18 at 68°F with a load of 155 lbs and a speed of 1200 in/min.

Thermal Properties:

Melting Temperature: 633°F.

Deflection Temperature @ 264 psi: 320°F.

Service Temperature (Long Term): Up to 480°F.

Thermal Expansion (CLTE): 2.6*10^-5 in/in/°F.

Thermal Conductivity: 1.7 BTU-in/hr-ft^2-°F.

Electrical Properties:

Specific Surface Resistivity: 1.0*10^16 Ω/square.

Volume Resistivity @ 73°F: 4.910^16 Ωcm.

Dielectric Strength: 190 V/mil.

Other Properties:

Moisture Absorption @ Saturation, 73°F: 0.5%.

Flammability (UL94): V-0 (self-extinguishing).

TECATRON’s exceptional profile combines mechanical strength, thermal resistance, and chemical stability, making it a reliable choice for critical applications in various industries, including electronics, automotive, and medical technology.

TORLON, a polyamide-imide (PAI) engineered by Solvay Specialty Polymers, exhibits exceptional machining properties.

Thermoplastic Nature: TORLON is a thermoplastic, which means it can be precisely machined using CNC (Computer Numerical Control) technology. Understanding the polymer structure and properties of TORLON is crucial for successful machining.

Thermoplastics vs. Thermosets: TORLON falls into the category of thermoplastics. Unlike thermosets, which form irreversible chemical bonds during curing, thermoplastics can be melted and reshaped multiple times. TORLON’s properties include good resistance to creep, solubility in certain solvents, and the ability to undergo plastic deformation when heated.

Abrasion Resistance: TORLON grades, especially reinforced ones like 5030 and 7130, are more abrasive on tooling than softer plastics.

Applications: TORLON’s reliable performance at severe levels of temperature and stress makes it ideal for critical mechanical and structural components in various industries, including jet engines, automotive transmissions, oil recovery, off-road vehicles, and heavy-duty equipment.

In summary, TORLON combines strength, stiffness, and excellent machinability, making it a valuable choice for demanding applications.

Turcite® A is a high-quality, internally lubricated material that is ideal for demanding applications with wear and friction requirements. It has low water absorption, which enables it to retain its integrity over long periods of time. 

Additionally, Turcite® X is another variant. It excels in low load and high-speed applications, and can be easily machined. It has minimal hygroscopic characteristics and possesses low thermal expansion properties, resulting in a structurally stable material.

Both Turcite® A and Turcite® X are excellent choices for applications where wear resistance and low friction are critical factors. Whether you’re designing linear bearings, bushings, or other components, these materials offer durability and reliable performance.

UHMW (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) is an exceptional thermoplastic material with a combination of remarkable properties.

Toughness and Impact Strength:

UHMW-PE is extremely tough, making it suitable for demanding applications.

It exhibits superior impact strength, which ensures durability even under heavy loads.

Corrosion Resistance:

UHMW is corrosion-resistant, making it ideal for various environments.

It withstands exposure to concentrated acids, alkalis, and numerous organic solvents.

Low Water Absorption:

Virtually no water absorption occurs in UHMW.

This property allows it to retain its integrity over extended periods.

Wear Resistance and Self-Lubrication:

UHMW-PE is highly abrasion-resistant and performs well in wear applications.

It is non-sticking and exhibits self-lubricating properties, reducing friction.

Applications:

UHMW is commonly used in:

Chute, hopper, and truck bed liners

Wear strips and guide rails

Star wheels and idler sprockets

High-speed conveyors

Packaging machinery parts

Food processing machinery parts

Bumpers, pile guards, and dock fenders

Fabrication Ease:

UHMW-PE is easy to fabricate through processes like sawing, milling, turning, and drilling.

It offers flexibility in creating custom shapes and components.

X-ray Detectable UHMW:

Polystone® M XDT is an FDA-compliant detectable UHMW designed to be visible to x-ray inspection technology.

It combines excellent impact and wear resistance with low sliding properties for food and beverage processing.

Reprocessed UHMW:

Polystone® M Reprocessed provides an economical UHMW solution with a low friction coefficient and superior wear resistance.

Grades:

Several grades of UHMW are available, including enhanced bearing and wear grades, as well as FDA-compliant variants.

Tech Tip:

UHMW has a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion, which may affect tight tolerances in parts exposed to changing temperatures.

Typical Properties:

Tensile Strength: 3,100 psi

Flexural Modulus of Elasticity: 110,000 psi

Izod Impact (double-15° notch): 18.0 ft-lbs/in of notchHeat Deflection Temperature (66 psi / 264 psi): Varies by grade.

Ultem® (polyetherimide) is a remarkable high-strength plastic material with a range of outstanding properties.

High Strength and Stiffness:

Ultem® combines extreme strength and stiffness.

It is ideal for demanding applications where mechanical performance matters.

High Service Temperature Resistance:

Ultem® can operate in high-temperature environments.

It resists hot water and steam, making it suitable for various industrial and scientific applications.

Electrical Properties:

Ultem® boasts one of the highest dielectric strengths among thermoplastics.

It excels in electrical insulation applications.

Chemical Resistance:

Ultem® is resistant to hydrolysis when exposed to hot water and steam.

It can withstand repeated sterilization cycles in a steam autoclave.

Easy to Machine and Fabricate:

Machining Ultem® is straightforward.

It can be easily fabricated into custom shapes.

Common Uses:

Widely used for:

Medical instrument components

Scientific equipment parts

Manifolds

Electrical connectors

Semiconductor equipment components

Material Options:

Ultem® 1000 (Unfilled): Translucent amber material with exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.

Glass-Filled Ultem® 2300: Reinforced with glass fibers for enhanced tensile strength and stiffness.

Typical Properties (values in standard units):

Tensile Strength: 15,200 psi

Flexural Modulus of Elasticity: 480,000 psi

Izod Impact (notched): 1.0 ft-lbs/in of notch

Heat Deflection Temperature (66psi / 264psi): 410°F / 392°FWater Absorption (Immersion 24 hours): 0.25%

Vespel® is a high-performance polyimide-based thermoplastic material with notable characteristics:

Supreme Strength and Stiffness:

Vespel® exhibits high mechanical strength and stiffness, allowing it to endure constant handling and mechanical stresses.

It remains durable even under impact and cleaning.

Excellent Wear Resistance:

Vespel® is resistant to wear, making it suitable for demanding applications.

It performs well in environments where friction and abrasion are significant.

Wide Temperature Range Performance:

Vespel® withstands extreme temperature variations.

It remains stable and functional across a broad range of temperatures.

Thermally and Electrically Insulative:

Vespel® provides excellent electrical insulation properties.

It maintains its insulating properties even at elevated temperatures.

Minimal Outgassing:

Unlike most polymers, Vespel® does not produce significant outgassing, even at high temperatures.

Applications:

Vespel® is commonly used in aerospace, semiconductor, and transportation technology.

Its combination of heat resistance, lubricity, dimensional stability, chemical resistance, and creep resistance makes it suitable for hostile and extreme environmental conditions.

Typical Properties (values at 73°F unless otherwise noted):

Density: 1.43–1.65 lb/in³

Tensile Strength: 6,000–16,000 psi

Flexural Modulus: 250,000–550,000 psi

Compressive Strength: 9,500–16,000 psi

Hardness (Rockwell): E45-60

Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion: 3.0–3.5 x 10⁻⁵ in./in./°F

Heat Deflection Temperature: 500–680°F

Dielectric Strength: 6,500–10,000 V/mil

Volume Resistivity: 10¹²–10¹⁵ ohm-cm at 50% RHFlammability Rating: V-0

Zytel® is a versatile nylon resin known for its exceptional properties.

Mechanical Strength:

Zytel® exhibits high mechanical strength, making it suitable for demanding applications.

It strikes an excellent balance between stiffness and toughness.

High Temperature Performance:

Zytel® performs well at elevated temperatures.

It maintains its integrity even in hot, chemically aggressive, and humid environments.

Electrical and Flammability Properties:

It offers good electrical insulation properties.

Zytel® meets flammability requirements.

Abrasion and Chemical Resistance:

Zytel® resists wear and abrasion.

It withstands exposure to various chemicals.

Molding Considerations:

Zytel® can be successfully molded over a broad range of mold temperatures.

Mold temperatures typically range from 50°C to 120°C (120°F to 250°F) for various Zytel® materials.

Applications:

Zytel® finds use in:

Automotive components

Electrical connectors

Industrial equipment

Consumer goods